Estonia is a pioneer in digital innovation, functioning as a digital republic. Its government operates almost entirely online, with 99% of public services available via the internet. Citizens can access these services using a secure digital ID card, a cornerstone of Estonia’s digital infrastructure. This card enables online voting, digital signatures, and even e-residency, allowing non-Estonians to establish businesses in the country without physical presence.
The country’s digital transformation was driven by the necessity of rebuilding after Soviet occupation. The government recognised the potential of digital technology and invested heavily in its development. Today, Estonia is home to numerous tech start-ups, including Skype.
Despite its progress, Estonia faces challenges. Cybersecurity is a major concern, particularly given the country’s history of cyber attacks from Russia. Additionally, the digitisation of public services has raised questions about data privacy. Nonetheless, Estonia continues to innovate, with plans to become a ‘data embassy’ – storing its digital data abroad to safeguard it from potential threats.
Estonia’s digital revolution demonstrates the potential for technology to transform governance, but also highlights the associated risks and challenges. It serves as a model for other nations looking to digitise their public services, offering lessons in both the opportunities and pitfalls of such an endeavour.
Go to source article: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/12/18/estonia-the-digital-republic